ASML builds every extreme-ultraviolet lithography machine on earth. Not most — all of them. Each is roughly the size of a bus, costs upward of $200m, contains 100,000 parts, and ships in a fleet of cargo aircraft. No leading-edge chip made in the last five years exists without one.
The dependency runs deeper than ASML itself. The light source comes from Cymer, which ASML bought precisely to control it. The mirrors — the flattest surfaces ever manufactured at scale — come from Carl Zeiss SMT in Germany, and there is no second supplier for those either. A chokepoint inside a chokepoint.
The atlas nearly missed this. Summing share × substitutability across every sub-layer rewards breadth, so the Netherlands sat at #6 on the aggregate control score, beaten by countries with broad mid-ranking positions and no monopoly anywhere. On peak, which takes each country's single strongest grip, it rises to #4. Aggregate measures industrial weight; peak measures how much damage one country could do. Use the measure selector above the ranking to switch between them.